User Tag List

Reply
 
Thread Tools Rate Thread Display Modes
Old 10-22-2020, 03:44 PM #16
WeakSauz WeakSauz is offline
Member
 
Join Date: Sep 2018
Location: Raleigh, NC
Posts: 431
WeakSauz has a spectacular aura about WeakSauz has a spectacular aura about WeakSauz has a spectacular aura about
WeakSauz WeakSauz is offline
Member
 
Join Date: Sep 2018
Location: Raleigh, NC
Posts: 431
WeakSauz has a spectacular aura about WeakSauz has a spectacular aura about WeakSauz has a spectacular aura about
Quote:
Originally Posted by JZiggy View Post
Another idea no one has mentioned yet is to replace the bolts with high strength studs and flange nuts. A stud connection is nearly always superior to a bolted connection.

That is quite interesting, and I'd be very curious to see something like this tried.

I am strongly considering going with ARP 12pt hardware next go-around
Unusual Activity Detected - Free Shipping on Orders Over $99 at Summit Racing

The issue with the ARP hardware becomes tightening them so much that the actual threads in the steering knuckle get compromised. The increased tensile of the ARP bolts should theoretically accept more torque-- but how much until the threads in the knuckle get pulled? hmmm

To your point, a studded setup may alleviate this!
__________________
2000 SR5 4x4 | Geared, Locked and Fully restored OEM+ build.

Forged and Cammed 1UZ Single Turbo, Standalone ECU + Built R150 in process. Why, you ask? Because it makes no sense in this platform, and I love it!
WeakSauz is offline   Reply With QuoteReply With Quote
Old 10-22-2020, 03:59 PM #17
Kanoe's Avatar
Kanoe Kanoe is offline
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Dec 2013
Location: Yukon
Posts: 1,317
Kanoe is just really nice Kanoe is just really nice Kanoe is just really nice Kanoe is just really nice
Kanoe Kanoe is offline
Senior Member
Kanoe's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2013
Location: Yukon
Posts: 1,317
Kanoe is just really nice Kanoe is just really nice Kanoe is just really nice Kanoe is just really nice
Quote:
Originally Posted by JZiggy View Post
Another idea no one has mentioned yet is to replace the bolts with high strength studs and flange nuts. A stud connection is nearly always superior to a bolted connection.
I could see the stud set up being a problem in rust prone areas. The upside down nut and stud end could fuse together pretty badly. At least with the bolts a person gets new hardware every LBJ change and most of the thread is protected in the knuckle.

Might work well for snow free areas though...
__________________
-1996 4Runner. 3RZ 5-Spd. 4x4 Base model. OME2906/Toyota OEM rears with 2004 Tacoma Dual Rate Fronts on Bilstien 4600s.
-1993 Corolla Wagon 7AFE
-2001 Echo D.D.
Kanoe is offline   Reply With QuoteReply With Quote
Old 10-22-2020, 06:14 PM #18
turbodudey2's Avatar
turbodudey2 turbodudey2 is offline
Member
 
Join Date: Mar 2010
Location: Colorado
Posts: 248
turbodudey2 will become famous soon enough
turbodudey2 turbodudey2 is offline
Member
turbodudey2's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2010
Location: Colorado
Posts: 248
turbodudey2 will become famous soon enough
Lubrication plays a huge factor in the torque required to achieve a given clamp load too.

For example a lubricated bolt vs a dry bolt can vary from 30 ft*lbs all the way up to 50 ft*lbs of torque to achieve the same clamp load.

In general adding a washer under the bolt head will reduce friction during tightening.

I haven't seen a specification in the FSM for a particular lubrication process for the ball joint bolts. This could account for some of the bolt failures that have occured in the past. If a person were to well lubricate the bolt and tighten to 59 ft*lbs versus using no lubricant and only torquing to 37 ft*lbs, the clamp load could vary by as much as 4,000 - 5,000 lbs.
__________________

'96 Toyota 4Runner Limited 4x4, Supercharged
turbodudey2 is offline   Reply With QuoteReply With Quote
Old 10-23-2020, 11:28 AM #19
rickmum's Avatar
rickmum rickmum is offline
Member
 
Join Date: Feb 2018
Location: Fraser Valley, BC
Posts: 111
rickmum is on a distinguished road
rickmum rickmum is offline
Member
rickmum's Avatar
 
Join Date: Feb 2018
Location: Fraser Valley, BC
Posts: 111
rickmum is on a distinguished road
Adding to the discussion here.. when I pulled my 'new style' LBJ bolts a while back, one of the bolts snapped off in the knuckle. Luckily there was lots of thread sticking out the top and I backed it out with vice grips.

When I called the dealership to buy the 'old style' bolts to replace them all with, they tried giving me the 'new style' bolts, stating that the 'old style' had been replaced with the new part number. I told them no, I want the 'old style' ones.
__________________
1998 Desert Dune Limited w/ rear diff locker
300,000 kms
rickmum is offline   Reply With QuoteReply With Quote
Old 10-23-2020, 12:10 PM #20
JZiggy's Avatar
JZiggy JZiggy is offline
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Oct 2016
Location: Atlanta
Posts: 2,255
JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future
JZiggy JZiggy is offline
Senior Member
JZiggy's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2016
Location: Atlanta
Posts: 2,255
JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future
For those interested in trying out studs... ARP kits are pretty pricey but Fastenal has some 10.9 rated studs and flange nuts that would be similar class to the Toyota bolts, just in a stud format.

M10-1.25 JIS - B1190 Steel Class 10 Zinc Flange Nut
| Fastenal

M10-1.25 x 48mm OAL YZ 10.9 Cylinder Head & Manifold Double End Stud
| Fastenal
(not sure if this gives enough length)

I'd install the stud with loctite into the knuckle at 1/4 to 1/3 of the final torque desired so about 18 ft-lb. Then after the loctite sets you can install the balljoint using the final 59 ft-lb with the nut.

I might try this myself sometime.
JZiggy is offline   Reply With QuoteReply With Quote
Old 11-01-2020, 07:31 PM #21
glen_ep glen_ep is offline
Junior Member
 
Join Date: Oct 2020
Location: Sydney Australia
Posts: 2
glen_ep is on a distinguished road
glen_ep glen_ep is offline
Junior Member
 
Join Date: Oct 2020
Location: Sydney Australia
Posts: 2
glen_ep is on a distinguished road
Quote:
Originally Posted by Kanoe View Post
Great bit of information, Thanks Tim. This should clear up some confusion for sure.

I wonder why the change? Why a weaker bolt with lower torque values for the 01/02's? What was the engineers reasoning?
Quote:
Originally Posted by mtbtim View Post
Yeah, my thoughts as well. I know they chose a longer bolt due to the dust covers on the 01 and 02 models but why didn't they spec a bolt with the same tensile strength as the other bolts. I guess to save money?
I don't think tensiles are as simple as lower equals weaker - it's a complex and debatable topic. I believe the higher the tensile, the more critical torque accuracy is, the less room for error (tends to snap), whilst lower tends to bend. But it's a debate for people with more knowledge than me.

From photos online, it seems a few of the higher tensile ones have been snapping, but then again... so have the lower tensile ones. Though if everyone is following the higher torque specification, we should be seeing an over abundance of lower tensile bolts snapping, and almost zero of the higher tensiles.

One thing reasonably certain is the dust cover mounting rings will be crushed from the torque of higher tensile. So that alone necessitates a change. Of course one then asks, if higher tensile bolt was important, couldn't they have implemented a higher tensile insert for the mounting ring? However this assumes that small insert doesn't cause other issues within the tighter tolerances of a higher tensile loading...

Speaking of the dust covers, there was an earlier dust cover which was held by 2 screws, instead of the LBJ bolts.
glen_ep is offline   Reply With QuoteReply With Quote
Old 11-01-2020, 07:51 PM #22
glen_ep glen_ep is offline
Junior Member
 
Join Date: Oct 2020
Location: Sydney Australia
Posts: 2
glen_ep is on a distinguished road
glen_ep glen_ep is offline
Junior Member
 
Join Date: Oct 2020
Location: Sydney Australia
Posts: 2
glen_ep is on a distinguished road
Quote:
Originally Posted by JZiggy View Post
Oh thanks, I missed that link. There's tons of good info in there.

The 90080-10066 bolts that the 96-00 4Runners spec appears to be a part number that supercedes the 90105-10406 part number he references as the "best" bolt in the Prado 9 0post.

The bolt head marking, four stripes and two dots, indicate it's a Toyota 11T class which is the strongest bolt noted in the FSM.

I believe these are M10-1.25 bolts about 30mm long. ARB makes a replacement that may be stronger but interestingly the torque rating is lower... might be due to lower thread friction from special bolt coating, dunno:
The Official ARP Web Site | Kits

Metric 8.8 = 110ksi
Metric 10.9 = 150ksi (probably what the Toyota bolts are equivalent to)
Metric 12.9 = 170ksi (maybe too brittle
ARP bolts 8740 chromoly = 180-210ksi

Another idea no one has mentioned yet is to replace the bolts with high strength studs and flange nuts. A stud connection is nearly always superior to a bolted connection.
Quote:
Originally Posted by turbodudey2 View Post
Lubrication plays a huge factor in the torque required to achieve a given clamp load too.

For example a lubricated bolt vs a dry bolt can vary from 30 ft*lbs all the way up to 50 ft*lbs of torque to achieve the same clamp load.

In general adding a washer under the bolt head will reduce friction during tightening.

I haven't seen a specification in the FSM for a particular lubrication process for the ball joint bolts. This could account for some of the bolt failures that have occured in the past. If a person were to well lubricate the bolt and tighten to 59 ft*lbs versus using no lubricant and only torquing to 37 ft*lbs, the clamp load could vary by as much as 4,000 - 5,000 lbs.


I don't think it's worth placing any value on the head markings. There's an image in the linked post showing bolts with the same markings, yet are different tensiles. Unless, as you both point out, surface coating/lubrication matters enough - from the **stock-coatings** of these Toyota bolts (they were used as supplied, nothing added).

I could revisit the bolt testing again with this in mind. Eg, remove the stock coatings, test. Also remove and apply something else, test again. If anyone has suggestions on the cleaning or coating/lube products to test with, I'm all ears...
glen_ep is offline   Reply With QuoteReply With Quote
Old 11-02-2020, 09:58 AM #23
thegipper's Avatar
thegipper thegipper is offline
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Mar 2016
Location: West Bend, WI
Posts: 2,339
Real Name: Mike
thegipper is a jewel in the rough thegipper is a jewel in the rough thegipper is a jewel in the rough
thegipper thegipper is offline
Senior Member
thegipper's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2016
Location: West Bend, WI
Posts: 2,339
Real Name: Mike
thegipper is a jewel in the rough thegipper is a jewel in the rough thegipper is a jewel in the rough
When I did my LBJ's, I used the old style flange bolts, torqued to 59 ft/lbs and used red loctite.

It would be awesome if we could reach out to the engineering department at Toyota and get their reason behind the two different bolts and torque values. Without speaking to them, I think everything is just going to be speculation. I always follow the FSM specs unless it is obviously a typo which does happen.
__________________
1997 SR5 4x4 Auto, 99' tall coils up front, OME 906's, Truetrac LSD, Airaid MIT
1999 SR5 4x4 Auto for parts
2011 Camry SE V6
2011 Highlander Limited
thegipper is offline   Reply With QuoteReply With Quote
Old 11-02-2020, 10:39 AM #24
mtbtim's Avatar
mtbtim mtbtim is offline
Elite Member
 
Join Date: Feb 2015
Location: San Jose, California
Age: 58
Posts: 5,264
Real Name: Tim
mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute
mtbtim mtbtim is offline
Elite Member
mtbtim's Avatar
 
Join Date: Feb 2015
Location: San Jose, California
Age: 58
Posts: 5,264
Real Name: Tim
mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute
Quote:
Originally Posted by thegipper View Post
When I did my LBJ's, I used the old style flange bolts, torqued to 59 ft/lbs and used red loctite.

It would be awesome if we could reach out to the engineering department at Toyota and get their reason behind the two different bolts and torque values. Without speaking to them, I think everything is just going to be speculation. I always follow the FSM specs unless it is obviously a typo which does happen.
I sort of doubt we could have a conversation with somebody in the Toyota Engineering department let alone find one of them that was involved with the design of our 3rd Gen 4runners.

The FSM does give us conflicting torque values for these bolts but it does match with up with the change in years. That guy's testing of the bolts was enough proof for me that that there's some credence to having a lower torque value for the newer bolts.

I honestly have never used red loctite on any fastener because if I ever have to remove it, I don't want a high chance I'm going to snap it off. I've used Blue 242 for lots of things and that's all you really need. You don't want permanent. You just want some extra insurance the bolt won't back out and fall off.
__________________
"My old man is a television repairman, he's got this ultimate set of tools. I can fix it!"
mtbtim is offline   Reply With QuoteReply With Quote
Old 11-02-2020, 11:05 AM #25
Greaser Greaser is offline
Member
 
Join Date: Dec 2019
Location: Boulder Colorado
Posts: 34
Greaser is on a distinguished road
Greaser Greaser is offline
Member
 
Join Date: Dec 2019
Location: Boulder Colorado
Posts: 34
Greaser is on a distinguished road
I had a shop do my LBJ's due to a lack of garage/tools at that point. Is there an easy way to figure out which bolts I have by sight? This is on a 2000 SR5.

Maybe just upgrade to some grade 8 bolts to be safe?
__________________
2000 SR5
2015 GTI

Last edited by Greaser; 11-02-2020 at 11:39 AM.
Greaser is offline   Reply With QuoteReply With Quote
Old 11-02-2020, 11:32 AM #26
thegipper's Avatar
thegipper thegipper is offline
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Mar 2016
Location: West Bend, WI
Posts: 2,339
Real Name: Mike
thegipper is a jewel in the rough thegipper is a jewel in the rough thegipper is a jewel in the rough
thegipper thegipper is offline
Senior Member
thegipper's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2016
Location: West Bend, WI
Posts: 2,339
Real Name: Mike
thegipper is a jewel in the rough thegipper is a jewel in the rough thegipper is a jewel in the rough
Quote:
Originally Posted by mtbtim View Post
I sort of doubt we could have a conversation with somebody in the Toyota Engineering department let alone find one of them that was involved with the design of our 3rd Gen 4runners.

The FSM does give us conflicting torque values for these bolts but it does match with up with the change in years. That guy's testing of the bolts was enough proof for me that that there's some credence to having a lower torque value for the newer bolts.

I honestly have never used red loctite on any fastener because if I ever have to remove it, I don't want a high chance I'm going to snap it off. I've used Blue 242 for lots of things and that's all you really need. You don't want permanent. You just want some extra insurance the bolt won't back out and fall off.
Yeah I doubt they'd ever let us pick the brains of their engineers even though it would be awesome if they would.

I generally use blue loctite but I figured red would give me a little extra security from them ever backing off. If I need to remove them, a little heat form the torch will release them.

I used to build linear actuators at a job when I was younger and we had this industrial grade green loctite that once it was cured, it was basically impossible to ever remove. I've twisted stainless steel tubes and that green stuff still held. You had to nuke the threads with mapp gas until it was basically red before it would budge.
__________________
1997 SR5 4x4 Auto, 99' tall coils up front, OME 906's, Truetrac LSD, Airaid MIT
1999 SR5 4x4 Auto for parts
2011 Camry SE V6
2011 Highlander Limited
thegipper is offline   Reply With QuoteReply With Quote
Old 11-02-2020, 12:07 PM #27
mtbtim's Avatar
mtbtim mtbtim is offline
Elite Member
 
Join Date: Feb 2015
Location: San Jose, California
Age: 58
Posts: 5,264
Real Name: Tim
mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute
mtbtim mtbtim is offline
Elite Member
mtbtim's Avatar
 
Join Date: Feb 2015
Location: San Jose, California
Age: 58
Posts: 5,264
Real Name: Tim
mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute mtbtim has a reputation beyond repute
Quote:
Originally Posted by Greaser View Post
I had a shop do my LBJ's due to a lack of garage/tools at that point. Is there an easy way to figure out which bolts I have by sight? This is on a 2000 SR5.

Maybe just upgrade to some grade 8 bolts to be safe?
Yeah, there is an easy way to tell the difference between the two style bolts. One is a flange bolt and the other has a washer. The flange bolt is the older design and has the higher torque value.
__________________
"My old man is a television repairman, he's got this ultimate set of tools. I can fix it!"
mtbtim is offline   Reply With QuoteReply With Quote
Old 11-02-2020, 12:50 PM #28
nissanh nissanh is offline
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Jul 2012
Location: Odessa/Midland TX
Posts: 3,711
nissanh has a spectacular aura about nissanh has a spectacular aura about nissanh has a spectacular aura about
nissanh nissanh is offline
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Jul 2012
Location: Odessa/Midland TX
Posts: 3,711
nissanh has a spectacular aura about nissanh has a spectacular aura about nissanh has a spectacular aura about
If you look at the lower ball joint mount to the spindle on newer models, there are just 2 bolts! I prefer 4 bolts like we have in the 3rd gen.

It the bolt is tight the shock absorber/coil spring will do the damping.

Last edited by nissanh; 11-02-2020 at 12:54 PM.
nissanh is offline   Reply With QuoteReply With Quote
Old 11-02-2020, 10:05 PM #29
theesotericone's Avatar
theesotericone theesotericone is offline
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Jul 2016
Location: Bishop, Ca
Posts: 2,332
theesotericone is just really nice theesotericone is just really nice theesotericone is just really nice theesotericone is just really nice
theesotericone theesotericone is offline
Senior Member
theesotericone's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jul 2016
Location: Bishop, Ca
Posts: 2,332
theesotericone is just really nice theesotericone is just really nice theesotericone is just really nice theesotericone is just really nice
Quote:
Originally Posted by JZiggy View Post
Metric 8.8 = 110ksi
Metric 10.9 = 150ksi (probably what the Toyota bolts are equivalent to)
Metric 12.9 = 170ksi (maybe too brittle
ARP bolts 8740 chromoly = 180-210ksi

Another idea no one has mentioned yet is to replace the bolts with high strength studs and flange nuts. A stud connection is nearly always superior to a bolted connection.

The Toyota bolts are 8.8 at best. As someone who's broken 7 of them I will tell you they are crap if you are pushing your rig. About 9 months ago I went to 10.9 M10-1.25x30mm hex head flange bolts. In that 9 months I haven't broken a single one. They are torqued to 60 ft/lbs and red loctited. My wheeling hasn't changed so it's a direct apples to apples comparison.

The Toyo bolts are fine for what the engineers have them designed for. Once you step up to 35's and big rocks they aren't even close to strong enough.
__________________
Quote:
Only two things are infinite, the universe and human stupidity, and I'm not sure about the former. --Albert Einstein
theesotericone is offline   Reply With QuoteReply With Quote
Old 11-03-2020, 12:19 AM #30
JZiggy's Avatar
JZiggy JZiggy is offline
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Oct 2016
Location: Atlanta
Posts: 2,255
JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future
JZiggy JZiggy is offline
Senior Member
JZiggy's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2016
Location: Atlanta
Posts: 2,255
JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future JZiggy has a brilliant future
Quote:
Originally Posted by theesotericone View Post
The Toyota bolts are 8.8 at best. As someone who's broken 7 of them I will tell you they are crap if you are pushing your rig. About 9 months ago I went to 10.9 M10-1.25x30mm hex head flange bolts. In that 9 months I haven't broken a single one. They are torqued to 60 ft/lbs and red loctited. My wheeling hasn't changed so it's a direct apples to apples comparison.

The Toyo bolts are fine for what the engineers have them designed for. Once you step up to 35's and big rocks they aren't even close to strong enough.
I hear you Matt. One thing puzzling me is that most metric torque charts for an M10 fastener show about 40 ft-lb for 8.8 and 60 ft-lb for 10.9. So if Toyota specs 59 then they think they have a class 10 fastener.
JZiggy is offline   Reply With QuoteReply With Quote
Reply

Tags
1996-2000 , bolts , style , torque , values

Thread Tools
Display Modes Rate This Thread
Rate This Thread:

Posting Rules
You may not post new threads
You may not post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts

BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is On
HTML code is On

Forum Jump

Similar Threads
Thread Thread Starter Forum Replies Last Post
Poll: Broken lower balljoint angus 3rd gen T4Rs 26 05-05-2015 06:24 PM
LBJ - manual shows 2 different torque values Ghostrider 3rd gen T4Rs 3 10-20-2014 01:54 PM
Stuck lower balljoint cj80cruiser 3rd gen T4Rs 26 11-09-2012 01:19 PM
lower balljoint needs replacing - what tools are needed Surf_MoFo 3rd gen T4Rs 4 04-08-2009 02:08 PM
Diff drain & fill plugs torque values kup1236 Maintenance/Detailing 1 12-05-2005 09:21 AM

Powered by vBadvanced CMPS v3.2.2

All times are GMT -4. The time now is 05:03 AM.

Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.8.11
Copyright ©2000 - 2024, vBulletin Solutions Inc.
Search Engine Optimisation provided by DragonByte SEO (Pro) - vBulletin Mods & Addons Copyright © 2024 DragonByte Technologies Ltd.
Feedback Buttons provided by Advanced Post Thanks / Like (Lite) - vBulletin Mods & Addons Copyright © 2024 DragonByte Technologies Ltd.
User Alert System provided by Advanced User Tagging (Lite) - vBulletin Mods & Addons Copyright © 2024 DragonByte Technologies Ltd.
***This site is an unofficial Toyota site, and is not officially endorsed, supported, authorized by or affiliated with Toyota. All company, product, or service names references in this web site are used for identification purposes only and may be trademarks of their respective owners. The Toyota name, marks, designs and logos, as well as Toyota model names, are registered trademarks of Toyota Motor Corporation***Ad Management plugin by RedTyger
 
Copyright © 2020