Dome wiring
Driver Side J/B
I can't see anything in that circuit, other than the Body ECU, the Back Door ECU or the Combination Meter (dash gauges) that would be damaged by reverse polarity. It's all switches and lights, otherwise. So you have to track down the short. Look at the links above. At the junction box by the driver's left knee, there is Connector 1E that carries the whole circuit. Open that connector and see if fuse still pops. (Unlikely, but then short is between there and the fuse.) Reconnect 1E. Then open connector 1A and 1F in turn. ONE of those should have the short. Then just follow the short back through the circuit until you isolate it. For example, if it's in 1F, then try 3C in the Center J/B. I don't know how else to do this.
Actually, I'd start by pulling B16 from the Body ECU. My WAG is that's the most likely spot. Then I'd probably be wrong and and have to start the way I described.
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'99 4Runner SR5 5spd 3.4L V6 4WD(U.S), original '99 Talls in front, OME 906s in back, Hella fogs, Trekmaster shocks in front, Billy in back, no running boards, FIAMM horns, Alpine sound, Michelin LTX M/S2's, owned since new.
'97 HiLux SW4 5spd 4WD(Japan model bought in Brazil assembled in Argentina, very close to a 3.0 4Runner/Surf)
'71 FordWillys Jeep CJ5 (with straight six Ford Maverick 3.0 liter engine--lives in the mountains north of Sao Paulo Brazil)
My Backyard Frame Swap