From what I understand, the problem isn't that more CO2 is being put into the atmosphere, it's the rate that it is accumulating. Sure, it might be natural cycles of the Earth (i.e. Milankovitch cycles) but the problem is we don't know how the rapid increase in CO2 accumulations will affect the climate on the long term (for humans, not geologically). The oceans are large heat sinks, but we don't know how they respond in these situations because we haven't been around to see it. For example - how will thermohaline circulation be affected? We don't know, and that is the problem.
And maybe the atmospheric CO2 and slight increase in temperatures are not a big deal on geologic time scales, but if average global temps go up by much more than 2 degrees celsius, we will have eustatic sea-level change as the ice sheets partially melt. Even changing sea-level by a couple of meters will have disastrous effects on people who live in coastal areas, so I think it's a problem that we need to be prepared for even if burning of fossil fuels isn't really the root cause. Fact is it will affect humans one day, whether we caused it or not. I wonder how industrialization of more countries will change the amount of CO2 put into the atmosphere.
Here is a good article for those so inclined -
http://www.plosone.org/article/fetc....1371/journal.pone.0081648&representation=PDF
Take it with a grain of salt, as with anything. I think it's a good paper.