Best way to minimize cleanup time is by first prepping the wheel: clean it really well, clay it, then ceramic coat it: Pull the wheel and clean it inside and out. Use a clay bar and lube to really clean it (helps the ceramic stick and fill all pores). Then while it's as clean as it can be, ceramic coat it, on the face and inside the barrel, everywhere possible. Don't use the cheap stuff if you're already going this far. Once the ceramic is cured, put the wheel back on. Repeat process for remaining wheels. There are no shortcuts, short of buying brand new wheels (won't have to clay).
Now depending on your level of brake dust and dirtiness tolerance, all you need are weekly maintenance cleanings with a pressure washer. Then use your favorite non-acidic wheel cleaner every two weeks. Super easy and fun. Ceramic can last months, and up to a year.
Quick, and cheap method is to clean it like you normally do, then use something like Gyeon Wetcoat spray on while wet, then spray off (search YouTube). This will last two to three weeks. And is a bit more maintenance, but not as labor intensive up front like the above ceramic method.
