Are these 6-spoke rims you have the older split 3-spoke design (which had to be trimmed for the 231mm calipers), or the newer coke-bottle 6-spoke?
My research found that there is actually less contact area on the pads for the 231mm calipers than there is for the 199mm calipers. The main difference in the pads is the backing plate. The pistons between the two are identical in size, so there isn't any more stopping "power" with the 231mm calipers. The only thing that they might do better than the 199mm is have a larger capacity to store braking heat due to the larger mass of the caliper.