A properly done leak down test is the 100% guaranteed way to know if you have a bad HG and where it failed (leak into coolant passage, leak between cylinders etc).
Dye tests, IMO, are worthless. My HG blew on cylinder #3 and I did that stupid dye test about a dozen times and it never even remotely turned yellow (yes I did it correctly and yes the fluid wasn't bad). Maybe if you have a major HG leak they work but at that point, it should be pretty obvious.
When I started to pressurize #3 cylinder, bubbles started coming out of the radiator. I wasted a bunch of time and money on all of the other tests (dye test, cooling system pressure test, compression test etc etc) when I could have known for sure in about 10 minutes doing the leak down test.
Gas that only sat for one winter shouldn't be bad and I highly doubt has anything to do with your problem.
Do the leak down test and be done with it....
I opted for swapping in a different engine since I already had a spare one in great condition. If the head isn't cracked, it can fixed but it will cost a fair amount of money and take a good amount of time.