The only thing a fuse does is protect a wire from too much current which would melt it some random location which may be hard-to-find or damage neighbors.
It doesn't reduce current, it doesn't affect operation, it just melts before anything else does.
What you're showing is just a jumper wire, and fusing that would only protect the short length between the battery and the distribution block. If you simply avoid intentionally shorting the positive side of that distribution block, there should be no need for a fuse.
It looks to me like the dreaded previous owner simply installed that longer jumper wire so he could use the wrong battery (the battery terminals should be on the rearward facing Side of the battery). If I'm correct, your biggest concern is to be absolutely certain that positive post would never connect to the hood or frame. That would be a "bad" thing
For one thing you don't show hold down bracket, so that battery could bounce around. Fix that.
Any wires or devices downstream from the distribution block Will rely on their own fuse in the block.
As long as that shown white wire is of sufficient capacity to supply all the current for all the downstream devices, it shouldn't require any fusing. I don't know what you have connected to it but 10 or 12 gauge ought to be mucho Plenty. Thicker wire never hurts, it just is more of a pain to work with.
Repair that one if necessary with good quality wire, perhaps an outer wrap, and suitably heavy connectors installed in reliable manner. bada binky