Can't say if it is the same now as it was the last time I was in Germany (1986), but I know that it used to be much harder to get a license there.
First of all, you had to be 18 {not sure if I agree with this idea, though}.
Second, driver education was mandatory for everyone. It was a lengthy period of time between taking the written test and actually being allowed to drive unsupervised. Not only is the driver training mandatory, but each motorist has to actually pay for it themselves - or it at least used to be that way.
Third, the test included driving on ice, maneuvering on a skid pad, handling wet roads, executing high-speed lane changes and evasive action, etc, etc. Oh, and everyone has to learn how to operate a car with a manual transmission. Now that is something I could agree with here. You never know when you may have to do it.
Finally, they are much more into etiquette than here in the USA. Turn signal usage is strictly enforced and you will get a traffic ticket if you are caught in the left lane while not overtaking someone.
I suppose their whole culture is just different. Most USA drivers just look at driving as a necessary evil required to get from one place to another. Germans, though, almost view fine, smooth, safe and swift driving as a form of art -- much like fine horsemanship. They're in a hurry, but are typically more conscious of other cars on the road than are Americans and they generally are much more courteous when merging, changing lanes, etc., etc.
The worst thing I remember about traveling through Germany was that they go like 100+ mph in thick fog. Now that is enough to unravel the nerves of almost anybody.....and definitely takes some getting used to!! Perhaps that is why a lot of cars over there have a "third" brake light at bumper level that illuminates when the front fog lamps are activated.