VSC is off when the center diff is locked, but ATRAC is still active. Is it possible ATRAC was engaging instead?
VSC (Vehicle Stability Control) grabs individual brakes & cuts engine power to prevent / counteract a skid.
ATRAC (Active Trac) grabs individual brakes (& cuts engine power? I'm not sure on that though) to mimic locking front & rear differentials; if, say, the front left wheel starts spinning, ATRAC clamps the brakes on it to allow the front right wheel to put some power down.
I'm pretty sure VSC engaging is accompanied by some flashing lights and beeping, but ATRAC engaging has no indication aside from the ~20Hz pulsing/clicking of the ABS pump doing it's thing.
I'm no expert on this though, anyone who knows more than I please correct any misinformation here.