If the vibrations were bad enough to crack the adapter plate in half, they were certainly bad enough to damage bearings too. That is assuming that it wasn't bad bearings causing the vibration in the first place.
Over the internet without driving and feeling the vehicle run, all I can do is guess. There's a problem or problems in your drivetrain. Whether it's contained to one piece (transmission, T-case, driveshaft, 3rd member) or a combination of those, is impossible to say without inspecting the vehicle.
RE:
I agree that the original problem wasn't fixed, obviously. The rear drive shaft was totally rebuilt and a new adaptor plate put on. I have had issues in the past with the transfer case, in terms of it not shifting in and out of 4wd or getting stuck in 4wd. Replaced sensor and seemed to fix the problem. But starting to think it's just the transfer case entirely causing all of my problems. I am financially strapped, and therefore trying to do this as cost effectively as possible and do the work myself and with friends. Consequently, I am terrified to take it in to a shop just to get a $1500 quote...for what could only "possibly" be the problem. Therefore, I want to start with replacing the bearing in the transfer case. However, I have found several bearings online with different part numbers - not sure which one to start with replacing?