How can I test the 4x4 systems?

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Pretty straight forward really. Lock the center diff with the switch on the dash to the left of the wheel while driving normally. It should go in without any fuss - flashing lights should only last a couple of seconds. After locking the center diff, you should find that there is resistance / feedback in the steering wheel from locking the differentials together. You should also see the illuminated icons on the dash indicating the center diff is locked. To engage low 4wd, stop the vehicles and put it in NEUTRAL. Then turn the dial to low 4. Wait for the light to stop flashing and solidly illuminate. Then, put it back in drive. It should be very obvious that it's in low range. The same routine is required for going back to high range. Whether you do this with or without the center differential locked is irrelevant, as they both work independently of each other.
 
What's the correct way to test the different 4x4 modes on a v8 4runner?

Good instructions from ARunner.

V8s, being full-time 4wd, are easy.

Since you don't know the truck, you may not want to mess with locking the center diff while driving and you need to be stopped for low range anyway, so....

While stopped, idling and warm, put shifter in neutral and turn low range dial. Dash light will flash and then go solid to confirm change. If you're not in neutral, it will beep. Unless the environment is loud, you'll probably hear it click in. Confirm that it goes back to high range and then test the diff lock which is the button by your left knee. Shifter can be anywhere you want it for the diff lock. I'd have it in drive in case you need to roll a little to get it to engage (wheels straight). Dash icon will flash and go solid. If it won't stop flashing, you can play with the shifter (go to neutral, reverse, roll some more, etc). If it still won't stop flashing, turn it off and go for a drive and see if it will engage while driving straight. If it's stubborn, play with the gas pedal. If it's stubborn and you finally get it to lock, do it a couple more times to make sure it's reliable. If you buy the truck, do these things every month at least to keep things working.
 

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