^^^ exactly, and thats why shops lose customers! they have to keep coming back for the same thing, and most of the time when they do so, the customer doesn't pay... cause in their eyes the shop screwed up and either didnt fix the issue the first time(like they were supposed to), or they put on parts that "weren't needed"(they might have been but refer to previous statement). then you add in the time that the service writer takes to make an new appt for the cust, the techs time(he will make one hour on that return job, thats it so he has to re-diagnose and fix the problem within that hour or its on his time -the beauty of flat rate), and the time taken away from other work that could be bringing in a much larger profit.... i have worked at a dealer, independent shops and for fleet services, i have filled almost every roll from wash bittch, to service writer/customer service, to tech, shop foreman... this is basically an industry standard operating practice
im in no way saying this is always the case when you bring your vehicle to the shop/dealer to get fixed and you have to bring it back... no, sometimes you just have a dumb tech who shouldnt even be changing the coffee in the coffee pot let alone turning a wrench under the hood of your car. but this is the reality of business for most shops. if they can fix the issue in one shot and make that customer happy and do it right the first time then the chances are that that customer will come back the next time something goes wrong with their car. and it saves the shop/dealer time to get other work done on other cars and increase profits.
now sometimes -all be it a lot of times parts do get replaced that are not bad or did not need replacing. the dealer will not replace a bad pinion bearing in a diff, no they will replace the whole diff, brand new 3rd member. this way the tech cant screw it up, by either forgetting something, or not being perfect on the lash ect, and the time is so much faster to just swap a 3rd then it is to clean and rebuild a 3rd... this goes with many other things too... -broken valve spring... they are just gonna put a new head on the motor. because they say, well if one valve spring broke then others might not be far behind and its cheaper and faster for us to just swap a head than it is to tear down and replace every spring, and guide and retainer ect...
now when it comes to the o2 senors and the cat(s) if they just go in a replace it all, it eliminates having to go back a second and third time to replace another part each time the code comes back. they are just starting with a clean slate and base of knowing everything is new. -because lets be honest here the service writer and the tech have no idea the maintenance history on your vehicle, they dont know if you have ever replaced your 02 sensor(and if you did, did you use the right one...), so no they are gonna quote you what they would do, and do do to fix the problem and get it done right. again here comes that flat rate pay issue again; the tech does not get paid to go and run through every single possible scenario, hes not got all day to replace a part and see if that fixes the issue, (the computer/CEL just says where the problem is/what the problem is, it does not tell you what part is bad or needs replaced) so he must narrow it down as fast as he can and then replace the parts that are most commonly attributed to this issue. thats why they will say we are replacing everything. boom one shot gets the job done, and the customer is happy and has a fixed car and goes home happy.
now i understand that some of us here, most of us, will take the time to chase down the actual problem and sort it out and fix ONLY what is broken, ok i get that, i get that we are trying to save money here(hence why we are here and not paying the dealer to fix this stuff for us) so i under stand that we will put more time into it and figure it out on our own for much less