It can get far more complicated than that. But I don't want to spend the time typing out some long-winded dissertation on engine thermodynamics, and I doubt anyone would be interested anyway.
I was just pointing out that idling the engine is just one of many factors in poor winter time mpg's.
How long it takes for an engine to reach it's normal operating temperature range, is dependent on several factors. Just a couple of which are the temperature before the engine is started, and the load placed on the engine while it warms up. It will take significantly longer to reach operating temperature if the engine is at -30° F to begin with, then it will if the cold engine temp is a hot summer day of 95° F.
The in-dash temperature gauge really only shows broad ranges of temperature. It will show the same 'Normal' temp of just below halfway on the gauge, from about 150° F to over 200° F. If you have an actual coolant temperature gauge such as an Autometer temperature gauge, or a tool that can read the data via the OBDII port such as a Scangauge, Ultragauge, etc. you can watch just how much the actual temperature varies, all the while the in-dash gauge doesn't move from it's 'Normal' position.
Then we could talk about the kinematic viscosity in centistokes of the various oils at varying temps, and the effect that has on their flow characteristics. It takes much longer for the oils to reach operating temp, and their most fluid state, then it does the coolant. Then there's the question of whether there's any ethanol in the gasoline formulation being used, etc.
Ahh, It's all too involved for a simple question about winter time gas mileage. It's just cabin fever from sitting home during the racing off-season. :moping:
Bottom line is that all else being equal, colder temperatures generally have a negative impact on fuel economy.