If your driving involves a lot of traffic lights and stop signs and short trips, then 16mpg is good. On the highway MPG depends on your speed. At 65mph you might be able to get 20 from a newer V6, but at 80mph you will get more like 18-19 in my experience. For a newer V8 it's more like 18 at 65mph and around 16 at 80-85mph from what I've seen. The older ones without VVT-i are less efficient. Cold weather decreases MPG, as does winter gas.
I've seen the display show over 27mpg for a short trip. There's no way that's possible.
Anything restricting airflow to the engine shouldn't affect MPG. The throttle is the biggest restriction, and if for example the air filter is extremely dirty then the throttle just needs to open a little more to get the same airflow. The MAF and O2 sensors will make sure the fuel to air ratio is correct.
Some vehicles will open the throttle all the way and adjust the valve timing at low power output, in which case airflow restrictions may decrease MPG, but as far as I know our engines don't do that. I think some Hondas do that.
I suspect the rear spoilers decrease MPG, but keeping the rear windshield clean is a nice benefit, plus I think removing it leaves holes in the body and no third brake light.
Extra weight will decrease city MPG, but it shouldn't affect highway MPG much.
At lower speeds the torque converter in the transmission won't lock up, so it's less efficient. I think it locks up over 45mph, generally.
Bad alignment could affect MPG.
My mileage has been slightly lower than expected recently, but with gas being so cheap I've been driving with no regard to efficiency. Might as well take advantage of the V8!
Here's my fuelly if anyone is interested: 4runner (Toyota 4Runner) | Fuelly
I've seen the display show over 27mpg for a short trip. There's no way that's possible.
Anything restricting airflow to the engine shouldn't affect MPG. The throttle is the biggest restriction, and if for example the air filter is extremely dirty then the throttle just needs to open a little more to get the same airflow. The MAF and O2 sensors will make sure the fuel to air ratio is correct.
Some vehicles will open the throttle all the way and adjust the valve timing at low power output, in which case airflow restrictions may decrease MPG, but as far as I know our engines don't do that. I think some Hondas do that.
I suspect the rear spoilers decrease MPG, but keeping the rear windshield clean is a nice benefit, plus I think removing it leaves holes in the body and no third brake light.
Extra weight will decrease city MPG, but it shouldn't affect highway MPG much.
At lower speeds the torque converter in the transmission won't lock up, so it's less efficient. I think it locks up over 45mph, generally.
Bad alignment could affect MPG.
My mileage has been slightly lower than expected recently, but with gas being so cheap I've been driving with no regard to efficiency. Might as well take advantage of the V8!
Here's my fuelly if anyone is interested: 4runner (Toyota 4Runner) | Fuelly