If I understand correctly, height doesn't help because the shape of the wheel well on the front of this vehicle is narrow and deep. There is also more room inside the opening making the lip of the fender the narrowest.
So when you take the body mount and fender lip into consideration (liner isn't an issue), you end up with a specific area to which the wheel/tire can move throughout its range without issue.
Depending on the offset of the wheel, wheel size, tire size, and adjustability of the suspension components, you can fit ___x___.
I'm frustrated with ___x___. I don't want to buy parts that don't work.
Thank you for reading
Sorry you are frustrated.
1. Lift will help fit bigger tires, but only at the lifted height. When you go offroad, your suspension will compress through the original non lifted height so if you rub at stock height you will rub when lifted and your suspension flexes. This is fact.
2. Any wheel/tire combo that pushes the centerline of the wheel/tire AWAY from the 4Runner will increase the chance of rubbing. So wheel spacers, wide wheels and high offset wheels mean you will have to do more trimming. This is fact.
3. If we both bought identical 4Runners on the same day from the same dealer, you might be able to mount 285's on stock wheels and have no rubbing. If I did that I might rub. Why? A) The 4Runner has tight clearances for tires, when fully turned or fully compressed. Some 285's might only clear by 1/32" in either of those conditions. Tight. So how could yours fit and mine rub? Your alignment spec has tolerances for the caster setting. Anywhere in the tolerance is fine for alignment spec but it makes a difference because caster basically moves a tire forward a bit. In addition to that the 4Runner is a BOF construction, just like the Jeep... or a Suburban. There are also manufacturing tolerances that could stack up - or not - against you or for you. The Jeep is designed to have wide open wheel wells. The 4Runner or Suburban or even the JGC is not. Try fitting 2" larger diameter tires on a JGC or a Tahoe stock. Probably won't work without modding either.
Now, modding to fix your rub running 285's, should you have one, is not hard at all. Each item below might work on it's own or you might have to do multiple items below, depending or wheel and tire selection.
1. Move fender liner forward (10 minutes)
2. Trim front bumper cover (an hour)
3. Trim or remove mud flap (10 minutes)
4. Have caster setting increased by alignment shop (1 hour)
5. Body Mount Chop (BMC)
I built the chart based on these factors. If you have a problem with uncertainty then I would keep stock wheels and stock size tires. You should be able to go to 275's with stock wheels (or another wheel with stock wheel specs) and have no rub. You MIGHT even be able to fit 285's on a stock vehicle with no rubbing (keeping stock wheel or stock wheel specs on a new wheel) if you are lucky. If not, you just need to start with #1 above and work your way down.